mips datapath

Complete

Summary

MIPS processor datapath

Fetch
- retrieve instruction from memory
- index according to program counter(PC) register
Decode
- find the operation that’s needed
Operand Fetch
- fetch operands needed, either registers or immediate operand
Execute
- perform the required operation in the ALU
Result Write
- store the result of the operation back into a register, if necessary

Supported instructions

add, sub, and, or
addi
lw, sw
beq
slt

limited set of instructions supported by this simplified implementation, andi and ori do not work due to the sign extension on the immediate value

Concept

PC register

incremented by 4 at every rising clock edge

clock helps to synchronise things, so that we only read PC after its been incremented

Multiplexers

output one of multiple inputs
control signal: selects which input to use

collection of the registers
control signal: 1 bit, determines whether to write to an output register
inputs
1. RR1, read register 1 -> first register to read from
2. RR2, read register 2 -> second register to read from
3. WR, write register -> which register to write to
4. WD, write data -> data to be written
outputs
1. RD1, read data 1 -> value at the first register
2. RD2, read data 2 -> value at the second register

ALU

arithmetic logic unit, for logical and arithmetic ops
inputs
- 2 32-bit numbers
outputs
- result of operation
- 1 bit is0 indicator
control signal: 4 bits to select the operation to perform

Data memory

data storage, RAM
load/write data
inputs
1. address -> memory address to read from/write to
2. WD, write data -> data to be written
outputs
- RD, read data -> data that was read

Branching

immediate operand is used to increment the PC register
if branch not taken: PC = PC + 4 as normal
if branch is taken: PC = PC + 4 + (imm << 2)

Application

Datapath of some instructions

Instruction	RR1	RR2	WR	WD(Register File)	Op1	Op2	Address	WD(Data Memory)
`lw $24, 0($15)`	`$15`	`$24`	`$24`	`Mem([$15] + 0)`	`[$15]`	`0`	`[$15] + 0`	`[$24]`
`beq $1, $3, 12`	`$1`	`$3`	`$3`	`[$1] - [$3]` or `Mem([$1] - [$3])`	`[$1]`	`[$3]`	`[$1] - [$3]`	`[$3]`
`sub $25, $20, $5`	`$20`	`$5`	`$25`	`[$20] - [$5]`	`[$20]`	`[$5]`	`[$20] - [$5]`	`[$5]`

beq checks that the differnece between the operands are 0, in order to branch

Extra

Circuitikz diagrams

use circuitikz designer for a gui circuit builder